Small-World Network Effect in Competing Glauber- and Kawasaki-type Dynamics

In this article, we investigate the competing Glauber-type and Kawasaki-type dynamics with small-world network (SWN) effect, in the framework of the Gaussian model. The Glauber-type single-spin transition mechanism with probability p simulates the contact of the system with a heat bath and the Kawasaki-type dynamics with probability 1-p simulates an external energy flux. Two different types of SWN effect are studied, one with the total number of links increased and the other with it conserved. The competition of the dynamics leads to an interesting self-organization process that can be characterized by a phase diagram with two identifiable temperatures. By studying the modification of the phase diagrams, the SWN effect on the two dynamics is analyzed. For the Glauber-type dynamics, more important is the altered average coordination number while the Kawasaki-type dynamics is enhanced by the long range spin interaction and redistribution.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in "The European Physical Journal B (EPJB)

Fractal analysis of the effect of particle aggregation distribution on thermal conductivity of nanofluids

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41572116), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan) (No. CUG160602).Peer reviewedPostprin

Two Decades of Laws and Practice Around Screen Scraping in the Common Law World and Its Open Banking Watershed Moment

Screen scraping—a technique using an agent to collect, parse, and organize data from the web in an automated manner—has found countless applications over the past two decades. It is now employed everywhere, from targeted advertising, price aggregation, budgeting apps, website preservation, academic research, and journalism, to name a few. However, this tool has raised enormous controversy in the age of big data. This article takes a comparative law approach to explore two sets of analytical issues in three common law jurisdictions, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. As the first step, this article maps out the trajectory of relevant laws and jurisprudence around screen scraping legality in three common law jurisdictions—the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Specifically, the article focuses on five selected issue areas within those jurisdictions—“digital trespass” statutes, tort, intellectual property rights, contract, and data protection. Our findings reveal some level of divergence in the way each country addresses the legality of screen scraping. Despite such divergence, one may see a sea change amid the trend of data-sharing under the banner of “Open Banking” in coming years. This article argues that to the extent that these data sharing initiatives enable information flow between entities, it could reduce the demand for screen scraping generally, thereby bringing some level of convergence. Yet, this convergence is qualified by the institutional design of data sharing schemes—whether or not it explicitly addresses screen scraping (as in Australia and the United Kingdom) and whether there is a top-down, government-mandated data-sharing regime (as in the United States)